William Wallace :: essays research papers fc

William Wallace is considered to be â€Å"Scotland’s greatest hero† (McHale). In order to appreciate the true value of freedom one must understand the hardships and trials people faced in order to obtain that freedom. William Wallace was a freedom fighter. He went through many trials and tribulations during his life. William Wallace’s family came from Wales. William was not even Scottish (Fish). Yet he had the strength and courage to stand up for what he thought was right. William Wallace was born in a little town called Elerslie, in Scotland, around January 1272. â€Å"He was the second of three sons to Sir Malcolm Wallace† (Waters). His mother taught him his basic education, until he was six to seven years of age (Chung). At this time and age, the second male son of a family was obligated, by tradition, to obtain education by a clergy member of a monastery, and eventually become a clergy member himself. It is unknown, by historians, how William averted this tradition (Ewart). During this time the English king, Edward Plantagenet I, also called Edward de Longshanks (McHale), was taking over Scotland. The king of England issued all the people of Scotland to pay homage to him. Sir Malcolm Wallace was entirely against this. He made this widely known. He eventually became titled as an outlaw by King Edward, and was on the run from the English along with his oldest son Malcolm. Sir Reginald de Crauford, William’s grandfather, administered the homage to be paid to Edward I and noticed that his son-in-law’s name did not appear on the list that he compiled (Chung). He sent his daughter and grandsons to Cambuskenneth Abbey in Dunipace to live with Sir Malcolm’s younger brother who was a cleric there. This is where William received the remainder of his education. â€Å"His uncle instilled in him moral maxims compactly framed in Latin, and referred frequently to the great classic authors† (McHale). At the monastery he learned the passion a nd love of liberty he so frequently displayed as an adult. By the time William completed his education his father died. Sir Malcolm was murdered by an English knight, named Fenwick. The news of William’s father’s death spread quickly. A few months after, William was branded an outlaw, because he killed a man taunting him of his father’s death. This started whole slew of killings and Wallace’s rebellion against the English. Williams Wallace first appears in history early in 1297.

The Uniform Commercial Code

The Uniform Commercial Code By Wesley Shropshire Abstract The Uniform Commercial Code has many requirements and laws that govern it not only in trading within our country but also in trading internationally. It has been brought into question if we as a nation need to make some serious changes or update some of the laws when it comes to trading internationally. If we leave it like it is then many problems can arise and make most big business discouraged or even stop trading internationally altogether. With this being the case it makes it very hard when deciding what the effect the U. C. C. as on international commerce and there will be many factors brought up on to which side it leans toward. The Uniform Commercial Code The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), a comprehensive code addressing most aspects of commercial law, is generally viewed as one of the most important developments in American law. The UCC text and draft revisions are written by experts in commercial law and submitted as drafts for approval to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (now referred to as the Uniform Law Commissioners), in collaboration with the American Law Institute. (Uniform Commercial Code, (n. . ). Attorneys, which are the Commissioners include federal and state judges also including law professors and legislators, are able to practice law throughout the U. S. These organizations decide and meet on whether to send drafts back for revision or if they should endorse them. Most of the time it does not involve only one revision but after deciding to endorse them the states are forced to adopt these rules by the Uniform Law Commissioners. Since the Uniform Commercial Code, which is a model code, does not always have jurisdiction in a legal effect unless the legislatures as statutes enact them. Domestic transaction† means a transaction other than an international transaction. â€Å"International transaction† means a transaction that bears a reasonable relation to a country other than the United States. (UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE, (n. d). Computers and technology has grown rapidly over the past fifteen years, and this has enhanced the growth of financial markets globally which has led to around the clock trading in foreign exchange, financial instruments, and securities. Services and goods in international trade have also grown in speed and volume.Since the growth and change in technology settlements of payments in these transactions has sped up how fast they can receive these payments. Because of this money is being moved around the world faster than ever before. The economic significance of national boundaries to large corporations and financial institutions is being reduced. These trends in transactions, payments, and transnational operation of corporations have led to commercial pressure for greater certainty and uniformity in the law governing international transactions. (The Effect of Uniform Commercial Code, (n. . ). In thes e international transactions you have to worry about more jurisdiction laws taking place. Rules of private international laws will be the deciding factor into which jurisdiction laws that will be enforced. When it comes to commercial interests many are against this grey area of unknown and look for certainty in which legal rules in these international transactions to reduce and correctly measure the legal risks they may be taking. They also are pushing for the unvarying of these rules throughout jurisdictions in order to lower compliance costs.Because of the pressure for more uniformity and certainty in international transactions and the legal rules they are governed by, the private international law rules are being added to too bring together the legal rules at hand in international conventions to be foreseen across the nations. There has been little to no attention paid to what these international laws represent and I think and the United States should make it a part of their laws . With this being said pressure is rising on responsibilities of state and federal governments to fit these international developments and should deserve more attention than what they are receiving.The Uniform Commercial Code will reach a point where the process will need to be revised and when it takes place it will put these processes to the test. Because of failure in the enactment process there has been a lot of doubt on the uniform law process and its vitality, and this has caused even more doubt that changes can be made on an international level. If the United States ratified all existing conventions and implemented those treaties on a federal level, a good portion of the Uniform Commercial Code would be preempted (Amelia H. Boss, (n. d. The Future of the Uniform Commercial Code Process in an Increasingly International World), and if this happened the Uniform Commercial Code as a whole would be brought into serious questioning. References Uniform Commercial Code, (n. d. ) Retr ieved from http://law. duke. edu UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE, (n. d) Retrieved from http://www. law. cornell. edu The Effect of Uniform Commercial Code, (n. d. ) Retrieved from http://digitalcommons. lmu. edu Amelia H. Boss, (n. d. ) The Future of the Uniform Commercial Code Process in an Increasingly International World

If Wishes Were Horses Essay

The first recognisable ancestor of the rhyme was recorded in William Camden’s (1551–1623) Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, printed in 1605, which contained the lines: â€Å"If wishes were thrushes beggers would eat birds†. [2] The reference to horses was first in James Carmichael[disambiguation needed]’s Proverbs in Scots printed in 1628, which included the lines: â€Å"And if wishes were horses, pure [poor] men wald ride†. 2] The first mention of beggars is in John Ray’s Collection of English Proverbs in 1670, in the form â€Å"If wishes would bide, beggers would ride†. [2] The first versions with close to the modern wording was in James Kelly’s Scottish Proverbs, Collected and Arranged in 1721, with the wording â€Å"If wishes were horses, beggars would ride†. [2] The modern rhyme above was probably the combination of two of many versions and was collected by James Orchard Halliwell in the 1840s. 1] The last line was sometimes used to stop children from questioning and get to work: â€Å"If if’s and and’s were pots and pans, there’d surely be dishes to do. † In popular culture[edit] The phrase is misquoted in the 2002 television series Firefly in the series finale episode â€Å"Objects in Space† in which Adam Baldwin’s character Jayne Cobb gets upset and says â€Å"Yeah and if wishes were horses, we’d all be eating steak. Star Trek Deep Space Nine Season 1, Episode 16 was called, If Wishes Were Horses. In the episode entitled Things Fall Apart Season Six, Episode 21 of the television series The West Wing, Josh Lyman makes a reference to the poem while in conversation with a female campaign staffer who tells him that if media circumstances were different, their candidate, Matthew Santos, would have already locked up the Democratic party’s nomination for president. Josh responds by saying, â€Å"If wishes†¦ orses†¦ etc. â€Å" She erroneously attributes the quote to Bob Dylan by asking Josh â€Å"What is that from some Dylan song? Guys your age have this thing about Dylan. â€Å"[3] In September 2010, Alexandrea Mellen famously quipped, â€Å"If wishes were horses, then the horse market would collapse†. The phrase is used by the character Spike in the television series Angel. In addition, in the series finale, when another character wishes â€Å"to do more violence†, Spike replies that â€Å"wishes are horses today†.

Kramer vs. Kramer

Kramer vs. Kramer is the story of a custody battle, but in its time (1979) and place it becomes a battle of mothering vs. fathering and over how men and women should lead their lives.   Ted Kramer, a Madison Avenue art director is so consumed with his career that he doesn’t understand the basic needs of his son or even the grade he is in school.   Joanna Kramer, a former employee of Mademoiselle, had left her career to care for their son, Billy.   Joanna finds herself overwhelmed with feelings of worthlessness and leaves her son and husband to find herself.   Ted is forced to learn to be a parent and Billy loves being with his father more.   After a period of fifteen months, Joanna returns.   She is not looking for forgiveness but rather to obtain custody of their son.   Their battle leaves us questioning the very definition of gender in our society. Ted and Joanna Kramer had a life that was defined as our society would have seen fit.   Joanna, being biologically suited, would remain at home and care for their son.   She provides for the emotional needs of the family.   Ted, operating in the public sphere, would provide for the families material needs.   This is what American culture has defined as the nuclear family.   This is the standard that our society would define as desirable. This ideology is so clearly spelled out in the courtroom.   Part of the case that Streep  presents for herself during the custody trial is a simplistic appeal-to-the fact that motherhood is  powerfully persuasive as a social institution.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I'm his mother. He's my child. I love him. He needs me more  than he needs his father. I'm his mother.† The simple fact that Streep as the boy's biological mother is supposed to outweigh, in  court, any particularities of their individual case. And on the basis of this argument the court  grants custody to Streep. As Hoffman's lawyer says, â€Å"They went for motherhood right down the  line.†Ã‚   The movie insists that gender is the primary factor in child custody determinations at the  time of divorce. Having established gender as the key, the movie then goes to court, where  proceedings are seen from a distinctly male perspective. Attorney Shaughnessy warns Ted Kramer that courts favor mothers in custody battles over young children. The task, Shaughnessy is certain, is to prove Joanna is an unfit mother. Shaughnessy also apparently overlooks the fact that the parties had already divorced, and Ted had custody, so the issue was not custody but rather custody modification. Even assuming a maternal preference rule, modification hearings place great weight on maintaining child care continuity.   fictional Judge Atkins sees things the way attorney Shaughnessy does. Atkins' award of custody to Joanna Kramer relies almost completely on the â€Å"tender years† When the Kramers do in fact have their day in court, viewers are propelled to defend Ted.   It seems unfair when Joanna's attorney asks Ted on the stand about his move from one advertising agency to another for lower pay. Viewers are angered by the suggestion that it was Ted's negligence that caused Billy's playground fall. But somehow, this does not seem quite as bad when Shaughnessy questions Joanna about her sexual liaisons since the time of her divorce from Ted. Even Ted sympathized with Joanna at the legal proceedings seems. With Joanna wilting on the stand from a brutal cross-examination, Ted shows no vindictive pleasure. With Joanna struggling with the question â€Å"Were you a failure at the most important personal relationship of your life?† Ted establishes eye contact and supportively shakes his head no. Even after the legal proceedings conclude with a decision adverse to Ted, we continue to reflect on developments from Ted's perspective. When Ted asks Shaughnessy about an appeal, Shaughnessy warns that it would be necessary to put little Billy on the stand. Ted realizes how destructive this would be. The viewer shares his appraisal of the legal process' twisted ways and seconds his decision to back off for Billy's sake. Ted continues to win our sympathy. Kramer vs. Kramer, this issue is gender inequality.   In New York, where the movie takes place, the courts were no longer going to rely on gender to decide custody battles, but gender was still a topic on the minds of the public in the 1980's, when the movie was released.  Ã‚   I believe that in a large proportion of our population today, there continues to be gender issues when parenting or custody issues are reviewed.   There still exists the notion that women are built to be parents and nurture a child, something men are not emotional enough to do. In this case, Kramer vs. Kramer, the court’s finding of Joanna as the custodial parent, does not appear to have been a decision based on anything other than gender.   The decision was made on the societal belief that a mother will be the better parent, it is what women were built to do.   Ted is denied custody on the basis of gender, he cannot possibly be a better or even equal parent. The demonstration that Ted is not an adequate provider because he lost one job and took a lesser paying job, and that this somehow makes him unfit because as the father he is to be the breadwinner and this outweighed the fact that Joann had abandoned her child.   The belief that Joanna should have stayed with her family, despite her own desires or wishes, and the portrayal of her as promiscuous because she had other relationships, further highlight the gender issue. The inequality of the decision in this case, is inequality to both the parents.   Both Ted and Joanna had the ability and means to be a good parent.   The court did not evaluate the case on that basis.   The court evaluated the case on the basis of gender roles and who should be doing what given the society beliefs present.

HDL 660 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HDL 660 - Essay Example It can be advanced by introducing training programs to the young employees when they join an organization (Ardichvil, 623). Leadership is the process of influencing colleagues or workers positively with the aim of achieving a common goal. Leaders should have integrity, passion, and guide their associates towards achieving their goal. Leaders should express themselves in order to create value and trust in their associates or followers. I consider myself a leader because in the past, I have organized and coordinated club activities, group discussions, and meetings in school. These activities were all successful, and the students were able to achieve the stipulated visions and goals. Self-awareness= 17; internalized moral perspective= 16; balanced processing= 18; relational transparency= 17; authentic leadership= 68. Using the scoring interpretation in the questionnaire, a score of 68 is in the very high category, which stands for a very strong authentic leader (Northouse, 280). This course should help me make my stand on controversial issues and make it known to everyone. This will eliminate biasness when making the final decision and enable me to avoid changing my stand towards the winning side. An authentic leader should be true to oneself and express his or her

Independence in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Independence in American Cinema - Essay Example Its lavish concentration on its business marketing efforts has escalated the concern of film critics and artists that Hollywood films portray an identity very different from the Americans. This "identity loss" has been addressed only during the 1980's and early 1990's by the "independent directors" who revive American identity in US independent film industry. Wikipedia defines an independent movie as a 'film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio.' In the popular sense, any film that receives less than 50% of budgeting from major studios is already considered "independent." Its creative approach in movie production enabled them to garner as much as 15% of US domestic box office revenue within the period of January to March 2005. In order to further discuss the current status of American Independent Cinema, there should be a distinction between a "national" cinema and the mainstream Hollywood. There are four defining approaches where one can distinguish "national" cinema as presented by various studies on the subject (Shaw 2002). First of the approaches is the cinema's economic aspect, how the cinema producers provide financing. The movie's subject and style constitute the second approach. While the third and fourth pertains to the appeal of the movies to the public in terms of its popular and critical acceptance. It is the shift from the studio system of shooting movies in the 1950's to 1960's that paved the way for the birth of what we know today as modern American independent cinema. The consistent production of movies that are modestly sized in budget and features was preferred instead of larger yet fewer films. In the previous decades, 1930's to 1940's, cinema performers were tied with their contracts in a major Hollywood studio that they were employed in. Both the directors and actors had a long-term contract with 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Columbia Pictures, and Warner Brothers, the major Hollywood studios in those days. Just to be temporarily employed, 'one studio will be "loaned" by one studio to another for a particular project with the expectation that such offers would be reimbursed in kind. (Yahnke n.d.)' This monopolistic approach in American cinema industry was only ended when television was introduced in 1950's, together with the improved capacity of directors to decide over their creations and the actors' capacity to become "free agents" ushered the death of studio system. (Chapter 2: Classic Films n.d.).